Vector Control Strategies and Challenges: A Narrative Review

Namukasa Mugerwa F.

Faculty of Medicine Kampala International University Uganda

ABSTRACT

Vector-borne diseases remain a major global public health challenge, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. Traditional control measures such as insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying, and environmental management have reduced disease burden but face limitations due to insecticide resistance, inadequate infrastructure, and changing ecological conditions. This review synthesizes evidence on conventional and emerging strategies for vector control, including genetic approaches, biological interventions, and community-led initiatives. Case studies from Africa, Asia, and Latin America demonstrate that integrated vector management (IVM) tailored to local contexts offers the most sustainable path forward. Novel technologies such as CRISPR-based gene drives, Wolbachia-based biocontrol, and smart surveillance tools present promising innovations, though their ethical and ecological implications require careful consideration. The review emphasizes the need for multi-sectoral collaboration, community engagement, and policy support to ensure long-term effectiveness. Addressing these challenges holistically will be crucial to curbing the global burden of vector-borne diseases and preventing future outbreaks.

Keywords: Vector-borne diseases, integrated vector management (IVM), Insecticide resistance, Genetic and biological control, and Community participation.

CITE AS: Namukasa Mugerwa F. (2025). Vector Control Strategies and Challenges: A Narrative Review Research Output Journal of Biological and Applied Science 5(3):148-158. https://doi.org/10.59298/ROJBAS/2025/53148158