The Role of Environmental DNA (EDNA) in Biodiversity Conservation

Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima, Alum Esther Ugo and Okon Michael Ben

Department of Publication and Extension Kampala International University Uganda

ABSTRACT

Environmental DNA (eDNA) represents a transformative approach in biodiversity conservation, enabling non-invasive, efficient, and accurate monitoring of ecosystems. This review explores the definition, applications, and future directions of eDNA in conservation biology. By capturing genetic material shed by organisms into their environments, eDNA offers a powerful tool for detecting species presence, monitoring population dynamics, and assessing ecosystem health. The technique has shown particular promise in identifying rare and elusive species, providing critical data for conservation efforts. Despite its potential, eDNA faces challenges related to interpretation accuracy and methodological standardization. Advancements in eDNA technologies, including metabarcoding and metagenomics, promise to enhance its utility in biodiversity monitoring and conservation planning. This review underscores the significance of eDNA as an innovative tool for sustaining biodiversity and highlights areas for future research and technological improvement.

Keywords: Environmental DNA (eDNA), Biodiversity conservation, Non-invasive monitoring, Metabarcoding, Metagenomics.

CITATION: Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima, Alum Esther Ugo and Okon Michael Ben. The Role of Environmental DNA (EDNA) in Biodiversity Conservation. Research Output Journal of Biological and Applied Science. 2024 3(1):79-83