Targeting NF-κB and NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathways with Flavonoids in Obesity-Related Diabetes

Bamuraza Nfukwe W.

Faculty of Medicine Kampala International University Uganda

ABSTRACT

Obesity-related diabetes, often referred to as type 2 diabetes (T2D), is a growing global health concern with complex pathophysiological mechanisms involving inflammation, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysregulation. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways are central to the chronic inflammation seen in obesity and T2D. Both pathways play pivotal roles in the activation of inflammatory cytokines that impair insulin signaling and contribute to systemic metabolic dysfunction. Flavonoids, a diverse group of polyphenolic compounds abundant in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants, have shown promising anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolic-modulating properties. Recent research has revealed that flavonoids can modulate the NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways, thereby alleviating inflammation and improving insulin sensitivity. This review explores the molecular mechanisms by which flavonoids target these pathways, emphasizing their potential therapeutic role in managing obesity-related diabetes. Additionally, we examine the available preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the use of flavonoids as adjuncts in the treatment of T2D and discuss the challenges and future directions in translating flavonoid-based therapies into clinical practice.

Keywords: Obesity-related diabetes, type 2 diabetes, NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, flavonoids, inflammation, insulin resistance, metabolic dysregulation

CITE AS: Bamuraza Nfukwe W. (2025). Targeting NF-κB and NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathways with Flavonoids in Obesity-Related Diabetes. Research Output Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research 4(3): 16-22. https://doi.org/10.59298/ROJESR/2025/4.3.1622