Impact of Insecticide-Treated Livestock on Malaria Incidence among Nomadic Pastoralists in Northern Nigeria

Fumbiro Akiriza O.

School of Applied Health Sciences Kampala International University Uganda

ABSTRACT

Malaria remains a significant health burden in Nigeria, particularly among nomadic pastoralists in the northern regions who face heightened vulnerability due to limited access to formal healthcare and their predominantly outdoor lifestyle. Traditional vector control measures such as long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) have limited efficacy in these mobile populations. Insecticide-treated livestock (ITL) emerges as a promising intervention, leveraging the zoophilic and exophagic behavior of Anopheles arabiensis, the dominant vector species in the region. This review synthesized findings from entomological research, field trials, and ecological studies to assess the efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of ITL in reducing malaria incidence among nomadic communities in Northern Nigeria. The methodology employed was a narrative synthesis of peer-reviewed literature, grey sources, and field reports relevant to ITL and malaria control in pastoralist contexts. Evidence indicates that ITL can significantly reduce vector density and transmission potential, especially when integrated into community-based animal health systems. Socio-cultural acceptability among pastoralists is high when interventions respect traditional livestock practices and ensure proper community engagement. Operational scalability remains a challenge, necessitating intersectoral collaboration and sustained funding. ITL offers a novel and context-sensitive addition to malaria control efforts, especially in underserved and mobile populations.

Keywords: Insecticide-Treated Livestock (ITL), Malaria Control, Nomadic Pastoralists, Anopheles arabiensis, Northern Nigeria

CITE AS: Fumbiro Akiriza O. (2025). Impact of Insecticide-Treated Livestock on Malaria Incidence among Nomadic Pastoralists in Northern Nigeria. Research Output Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research 4(3): 113-117. https://doi.org/10.59298/ROJESR/2025/4.3.113117