Epidemiology and Prevalence of Diarrhea in Children Under Five Years Old in Uganda: A Comprehensive Analysis

Mukamana Sandra Gisele

School of Applied Health Sciences Kampala International University Uganda

                                              ABSTRACT

Diarrhea is a significant public health issue in Uganda, affecting 19% of children within two weeks of health surveys. The annual incidence rate is estimated at 3 to 4 episodes per child, with regional disparities. The Northern and Eastern Regions have higher rates due to inadequate sanitation and limited access to clean water, while the Central and Western Regions have lower incidence rates due to better infrastructure and healthcare access. Comparative analysis with neighboring East African countries reveals similar or lower prevalence rates, highlighting the impact of regional health strategies and infrastructure on diarrhea rates. The review explores the etiology and risk factors of diarrhea, including bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens, and the role of environmental and socioeconomic factors. Access to clean drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene practices is essential for prevention. Socioeconomic factors like poverty, malnutrition, and lower maternal education exacerbate the risk of diarrhea and contribute to a cycle of illness and malnutrition. Preventive measures include Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) initiatives, vaccination programs, and improvements in breastfeeding and nutrition. In conclusion, reducing the burden of diarrhea among children under five in Uganda requires a multifaceted approach that addresses underlying determinants, improves preventive measures, and enhances healthcare access. Collaboration between government agencies, NGOs, and local communities is essential for implementing effective interventions and achieving sustainable improvements in child health.

Keywords: Epidemiology, Diarrhea, Children, Uganda.

CITATION: Mukamana Sandra Gisele. Epidemiology and Prevalence of Diarrhea in Children Under Five Years Old in Uganda: A Comprehensive Analysis. Research Output Journal of Biological and Applied Science, 2024 3(3):77-81.