Comparison of Viral, Bacterial, and Parasitic Causes of Diarrhea in East Africa

Nyakairu Doreen G.

Faculty of Science and Technology Kampala International University Uganda

ABSTRACT

Diarrheal diseases pose a significant public health threat in East Africa, particularly among children under five years of age. These diseases result from a range of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites, each contributing uniquely to the disease burden. This review compares the viral (primarily rotavirus and norovirus), bacterial (including Shigella, E. coli, and Vibrio cholerae), and parasitic (such as Giardia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium) causes of diarrhea in East Africa. The epidemiological landscape is influenced by socioeconomic factors, climatic conditions, and healthcare infrastructure, with children being the most vulnerable demographic. Clinical manifestations vary widely among the different pathogens, necessitating tailored diagnostic and treatment approaches. Effective public health strategies, including enhanced access to clean water and sanitation, vaccination programs, and education on hygiene practices, are crucial for mitigating the impact of these diseases. This review underscores the importance of a comprehensive approach to control and prevent diarrheal diseases, highlighting the need for further research and investment in healthcare infrastructure in East Africa.

Keywords: Diarrheal diseases, East Africa, Rotavirus, Norovirus, Shigella, E. coli, Vibrio cholera, Giardia.

CITE AS: Nyakairu Doreen G. (2025). Comparison of Viral, Bacterial, and Parasitic Causes of Diarrhea in East Africa. Research Output Journal of Biological and Applied Science 5(1):45-49. https://doi.org/10.59298/ROJBAS/2025/514549