Plant-Derived Polyphenols in the Management of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence

Kagambira Zimbuga M.

Faculty of Medicine Kampala International University Uganda

ABSTRACT

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are major public health concerns characterized by metabolic dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Plant-derived polyphenols, a diverse group of bioactive compounds found in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants, have garnered attention for their potential in mitigating these conditions. This review explores the mechanistic roles of polyphenols in modulating insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and inflammation, with a focus on preclinical and clinical evidence. Key polyphenolic compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and lignans exhibit anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties by activating AMPK, modulating gut microbiota, inhibiting adipogenesis, and reducing oxidative stress. We discuss polyphenol-rich plant sources, their bioavailability challenges, and translational potential in clinical settings. Emerging research underscores their therapeutic promise, yet further well-designed clinical trials are necessary to establish standardized recommendations for their use in obesity and diabetes management.

Keywords: Polyphenols, Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, Insulin Sensitivity, Lipid Metabolism, Inflammation, Medicinal Plants

CITE AS: Kagambira Zimbuga M. (2025). Plant-Derived Polyphenols in the Management of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence. Research Output Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research 4(3): 77-83. https://doi.org/10.59298/ROJESR/2025/4.3.7783