HIV/AIDS in Papua New Guinea: A Comprehensive Review

Katu Amina H.

School of Natural and Applied Sciences Kampala International Uganda

ABSTRACT

This comprehensive review examines the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Papua New Guinea (PNG), a country characterized by its unique cultural and geographical context. Although the global HIV/AIDS crisis began in the early 1980s, PNG’s first case was not recorded until 1987. Since then, the epidemic has significantly impacted the nation, evolving into a critical public health challenge. This review explores the historical context, epidemiology, socioeconomic impacts, and public health responses to HIV/AIDS in PNG. The epidemiological analysis highlights the generalized nature of the epidemic in PNG, with heterosexual transmission being the predominant mode. Key populations, such as sex workers and men who have sex with men (MSM), are disproportionately affected due to social stigma, discrimination, and limited access to healthcare. Regional disparities in prevalence are also notable, with urban areas and certain provinces, particularly in the Highlands region, experiencing higher burdens of the disease. The socioeconomic impacts of HIV/AIDS in PNG are profound, straining the already limited healthcare infrastructure and exacerbating poverty, especially in rural areas. The review discusses how cultural factors, including traditional beliefs, polygamy, and the practice of bride price, contribute to the spread of HIV and hinder public health interventions. Stigma and discrimination further complicate efforts to manage the epidemic, often deterring individuals from seeking testing and treatment. Public health responses in PNG have included preventive campaigns, expanded testing and counseling services, and the introduction of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) programs. Community-based approaches, such as peer education and support groups, have also played a crucial role in combating the epidemic. Despite these efforts, challenges remain, including geographic isolation, cultural barriers, and limited resources. The review concludes with future directions and recommendations for strengthening PNG’s healthcare infrastructure, addressing stigma and discrimination, enhancing prevention strategies, and investing in research and surveillance. These measures are essential for controlling the HIV/AIDS epidemic and improving the overall health and well-being of the population in Papua New Guinea.

Keywords: HIV/AIDS, Papua New Guinea, epidemiology, public health, Antiretroviral Therapy (ART).

CITE AS: Katu Amina H. (2024). HIV/AIDS in Papua New Guinea: A Comprehensive Review. Research Output Journal of Biological and Applied Science 4(2):65-70. https://doi.org/10.59298/ROJBAS/2024/426570